You can do this conversion with [the OpenSSL library](http://www.openssl.org/). Windows binaries can be found [here](http://www.slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html).

Once you have the library installed, the command you need to issue is:

    openssl x509 -in mycert.crt -out mycert.pem -outform PEM

I found the OpenSSL answer given above didn&#39;t work for me, but the following did, working with a CRT file sourced from windows.

    openssl x509 -inform DER -in yourdownloaded.crt -out outcert.pem -text

How do I &quot;dynamically&quot; edit JavaScript code in the Chrome debugger? It&#39;s not for me, so I don&#39;t have access to the source file. I want to edit code and see what effects they have on the page, in this case stopping an animation from queuing up a bunch of times.


Editing in the Chrome debugger

I have a input string like:

    $str = &#39;:this is a applepie :) &#39;;

How can I remove the first occurring `:` with PHP?

Desired output: `this is a applepie :) `

How to remove the leading character from a string?

How to convert .crt to .pem

According to the X.509, a certificate has an attribute subject. 
&lt;pre&gt;
C=US, ST=Maryland, L=Pasadena, O=Brent Baccala, OU=FreeSoft,
CN=www.freesoft.org/emailAddress=baccala@freesoft.org
&lt;/pre&gt;

This is the typical subject value. The question is what are the types(or tags) of those attributes(C, ST, L, O, OU, CN) and what is their format?

Certificate subject X.509

I want to extract the public and private key from my `PKCS#12` file for later use in SSH-Public-Key-Authentication. 

Right now, I&#39;m generating keys via ssh-keygen which I put into `.ssh/authorized_key`, respective somewhere on the client-side.

In future, I want to use the keys from a `PKCS#12` container, so I&#39;ve to extract the public-key first from `PKCS#12` and then put them into the `.ssh/authorized_keys` file. Is there any chance to get this working via `openssl`? Are the keys in `PKCS#12` compatible for ssh-public-key authentication?

Extract public/private key from PKCS12 file for later use in SSH-PK-Authentication

I am writing a small piece of code which reads public and private key stored in .pem file. I am using the following commands to generate the keys.  

Below command to generate pair of key.  
 

       $openssl genrsa -out mykey.pem 2048
This command to generate the private key

    $openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -outform PEM -in mykey.pem \
        -out private_key.pem -nocrypt
and this command to get the public key.  

    $ openssl rsa -in mykey.pem -pubout -outform DER -out public_key.der
I have written two methods which reads the private key and public key respectively.

       public  PrivateKey getPemPrivateKey(String filename, String algorithm) throws Exception {
          File f = new File(filename);
          FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
          DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
          byte[] keyBytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];
          dis.readFully(keyBytes);
          dis.close();
          
          String temp = new String(keyBytes);
          String privKeyPEM = temp.replace(&quot;-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
          privKeyPEM = privKeyPEM.replace(&quot;-----END PRIVATE KEY-----&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
          //System.out.println(&quot;Private key\n&quot;+privKeyPEM);
    
          Base64 b64 = new Base64();
          byte [] decoded = b64.decode(privKeyPEM);
         
          PKCS8EncodedKeySpec spec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded);
          KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
          return kf.generatePrivate(spec);
          }
       
       public  PublicKey getPemPublicKey(String filename, String algorithm) throws Exception {
          File f = new File(filename);
          FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
          DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
          byte[] keyBytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];
          dis.readFully(keyBytes);
          dis.close();
          
          String temp = new String(keyBytes);
          String publicKeyPEM = temp.replace(&quot;-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
          publicKeyPEM = publicKeyPEM.replace(&quot;-----END PUBLIC KEY-----&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
          
    
          Base64 b64 = new Base64();
          byte [] decoded = b64.decode(publicKeyPEM);
         
          X509EncodedKeySpec spec =
                new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded);
          KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
          return kf.generatePublic(spec);
          }
I feel like this is a naive way of doing it. I couldn&#39;t get any better way of doing it over internet. Can anyone suggest me what is the best way of writing the same code to handle the generic cases. I don&#39; want to use any kind of third party library.   
I have very basic knowledge of singing/encrypting and hardly use any java security APIs. So if I am not making sense somewhere then please point out.


How to read .pem file to get private and public key

How can I transform between the two styles of public key format, 
one format is:

    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
    ...
    -----END PUBLIC KEY-----

the other format is:

    -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
    ...
    -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----

for example I generated id_rsa/id_rsa.pub pair using ssh-keygen command,
I calculated the public key from id_rsa using:

    openssl rsa -in id_rsa -pubout -out pub2 

then again I calculated the public key from id_rsa.pub using :

    ssh-keygen -f id_rsa.pub -e -m pem &gt; pub1

the content is pub1 is :

    -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
    MIIBCgKCAQEA61BjmfXGEvWmegnBGSuS+rU9soUg2FnODva32D1AqhwdziwHINFa
    D1MVlcrYG6XRKfkcxnaXGfFDWHLEvNBSEVCgJjtHAGZIm5GL/KA86KDp/CwDFMSw
    luowcXwDwoyinmeOY9eKyh6aY72xJh7noLBBq1N0bWi1e2i+83txOCg4yV2oVXhB
    o8pYEJ8LT3el6Smxol3C1oFMVdwPgc0vTl25XucMcG/ALE/KNY6pqC2AQ6R2ERlV
    gPiUWOPatVkt7+Bs3h5Ramxh7XjBOXeulmCpGSynXNcpZ/06+vofGi/2MlpQZNhH
    Ao8eayMp6FcvNucIpUndo1X8dKMv3Y26ZQIDAQAB
    -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----

and the content of pub2 is :

    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
    MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA61BjmfXGEvWmegnBGSuS
    +rU9soUg2FnODva32D1AqhwdziwHINFaD1MVlcrYG6XRKfkcxnaXGfFDWHLEvNBS
    EVCgJjtHAGZIm5GL/KA86KDp/CwDFMSwluowcXwDwoyinmeOY9eKyh6aY72xJh7n
    oLBBq1N0bWi1e2i+83txOCg4yV2oVXhBo8pYEJ8LT3el6Smxol3C1oFMVdwPgc0v
    Tl25XucMcG/ALE/KNY6pqC2AQ6R2ERlVgPiUWOPatVkt7+Bs3h5Ramxh7XjBOXeu
    lmCpGSynXNcpZ/06+vofGi/2MlpQZNhHAo8eayMp6FcvNucIpUndo1X8dKMv3Y26
    ZQIDAQAB
    -----END PUBLIC KEY-----

According to my understanding, pub1 and pub2 contain the same public key information, but they are in different format, I wonder how can I transform between the two format? Can anyone show me some concise introduction on the tow formats?

How can I transform between the two styles of public key format, one &quot;BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY&quot;, the other is &quot;BEGIN PUBLIC KEY&quot;

I am trying to generate a self-signed certificate with OpenSSL with SubjectAltName in it.While I am generating the csr for the certificate, my guess is I have to use v3 extensions of OpenSSL x509.
I am using :

    openssl req -new -x509 -v3 -key private.key -out certificate.pem -days 730

Can someone help me with the exact syntax?


How can I generate a self-signed certificate with SubjectAltName using OpenSSL?

I have an EC2 instance running (FreeBSD 9 AMI ami-8cce3fe5), and I can ssh into it using my amazon-created key file without password prompt, no problem.

However, when I want to copy a file to the instance using scp I am asked to enter a password:

    scp somefile.txt -i mykey.pem root@my.ec2.id.amazonaws.com:/
    
    Password:

Any ideas why this is happening/how it can be prevented?

scp (secure copy) to ec2 instance without password

I&#39;m using the Express framework in Node.js to create a web server. I want to use ssl for the web server&#39;s connection.

The code to create the https web server is as below.

    var app = express.createServer({
      key: fs.readFileSync(&#39;./conf/key.pem&#39;),
      cert: fs.readFileSync(&#39;./conf/cert.pem&#39;)
    });
    module.exports = app;

Question: How to create the key.pem and cert.pem required by express?

How to create .pem files for https web server

How to generate a `.pem` *CA certificate* and *client certificate* from a PFX file using OpenSSL.

Converting pfx to pem using openssl

I am using the below openssl command for storing my public key into a .pem file.

    openssl&gt; x509 -in E:/mycert.pem -pubkey  -out E:/mypubkey.pem

But when i try to use this command, it is storing the whole certificate info in the mypubkey.pem file.

I have seen that i can save my public key using

    openssl&gt; x509 -pubkey -noout -in cert.pem &gt; pubkey.pem

But it is throwing an error. I can&#39;t use &quot;&gt;&quot; operator.

How to save public key from a certificate in .pem format

I am facing this .dll library missing error:

&gt; This programme can&#39;t start because api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll
&gt; is missing. Try to reinstall this.

When I try to open an Microsoft Office file.

How do I solve that?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Ali	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - X509	MrEyes	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - X509	NeilG	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to convert .crt to .pem

X509 Problem Overview

X509 Solutions

Solution 1 - X509

Solution 2 - X509

How to remove the leading character from a string?

Editing in the Chrome debugger

Attributions